RESUMO
Vitamin C has been suggested as beneficial in preventing and curing the common cold, decreasing the incidence of preterm delivery and preeclampsia, decreasing risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and improving the quality of life by inhibiting blindness and dementia. In this article, we review the hypothesized mechanisms of these purported health benefits and the evidence behind such claims.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico/complicações , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico/tratamento farmacológico , Resfriado Comum/prevenção & controle , Demência/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Pré-Eclâmpsia/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Transtornos da Visão/prevenção & controle , Vitaminas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Nearly all obstetricians routinely prescribe prenatal vitamins to their pregnant patients at the time of the first prenatal visit. Many times, patients' understanding of the health benefits of prenatal vitamins differs substantially from that of the prescribing physician. The following is a review of the most common ingredients found in prenatal vitamins and their purported health benefits.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Vitaminas , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Cálcio/deficiência , Cálcio/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ferro da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ferro da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Gravidez , Vitaminas/fisiologia , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/efeitos adversos , Zinco/fisiologiaRESUMO
In recent years, vitamin D deficiency has been implicated, by predominantly observational studies, in a wide variety of ailments including skeletal disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, mental and neurologic disorders, and various etiologies of adverse pregnancy outcome. The following is a review of the physiology of vitamin D, clinical signs and symptoms of inadequate and excessive vitamin D, and the literature purporting its many presumed health benefits.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologia , Vitamina D/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicaçõesRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Vitamin A has the unique distinction of being readily available over the counter, yet conferring significant toxic and teratogenic potential. Although vitamin A deficiency is relatively rare in the United States, globally it is the most common cause of blindness. The following is a review of the various forms and derivatives of vitamin A and their associations with potential adverse perinatal outcomes. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this CME activity, physicians should be better able to identify sources of Vitamin A, distinguish between toxic and non toxic forms of Vitamin A and counsel patients regarding the dosages of Vitamin A that are tolerable during pregnancy.
